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The Behavioural Insights Team EASTFootnotes
© Behavioural Insights Ltd. Not to be reproduced without the permission of the Behavioural Insights Team.
1 Dolan, P., Hallsworth, M., Halpern, D., King, D., & Vlaev, I. (2010). “MINDSPACE: Inuencing behaviour through public
policy” Institute for Government and Cabinet Ofce.
2 Ibid.
3 For a guide to running randomised controlled trials to test the efcacy of new interventions, see Behavioural Insights
Team (2012). “Test, Learn, Adapt: Developing Public Policy Using Randomised Controlled Trials” Cabinet Ofce.
4 Madrian, B. C. & Shea, D. F. (2001). The power of suggestion: Inertia in 401(k) participation and savings behavior.
The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 116(4), 1149-1187. Choi, J. J., Laibson, D., Madrian, B. C. & Metrick, A. (2004).
Employees’ investment decisions about company stock. NBER Working Paper No. 10228. Choi, J. J., Laibson, D.,
Madrian, B. C. & Metrick, A. (2004). For better or for worse: Default effects and 401(k) savings behavior. NBER
Working Paper No. 8651. Choi, J. J., Laibson, D., Madrian, B. C. & Metrick, A. (2002). Dened contribution pensions:
Plan rules, participant decisions, and the path of least resistance. NBER Working Paper No. 8655. Beshears, J., Choi,
J. J., Laibson, D., Madrian, B. C. (2009). The importance of default options for retirement saving outcomes: Evidence
from the United States. NBER Working Paper No. 12009.
5 HMG (2013). Automatic enrolment opt out rates: ndings from research with large employers.
https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/le/227039/opt-out-research-large-
employers-ad_hoc.pdf
6 Hawton, K., Bergen, H., Simkin, S., Dodd, S., Pocock, P., Bernal, W. & Kapur, N. (2013). Long term effect of reduced
pack sizes of paracetamol on poisoning deaths and liver transplant activity in England and Wales: interrupted time
series analyses. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 346(403).
7 Bettinger, E. P., Long, B. T., Oreopoulos, P. & Sanbonmatsu, L. (2012). The role of application assistance and
information in college decisions: Results from the H&R block FAFSA experiment, The Quarterly Journal of Economics,
127(3), 1205-1242.
8 Jack, B. W., Chetty, V. K., Anthony, D., Greenwald, J. L., Sanchez, G. M., Johnson, A. E., … & Culpepper, L. (2009).
A reengineered hospital discharge program to decrease rehospitalization: A randomized trial. Annals of Internal
Medicine, 150(3), 178-187; Berkowitz, R. E., Fang, Z., Helfand, B. K., Jones, R. N., Schreiber, R., & Paasche-Orlow,
M. K. (2013). Project ReEngineered Discharge (RED) lowers hospital readmissions of patients discharged from
a skilled nursing facility. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 14(10), 736-740.
9 Gigerenzer, G. (2008). Gut feelings: Short cuts to better decision making. London: Penguin Group.
10 Gobet, F., Lane, P., Croker, S., Cheng, P., Jones, G., Oliver, I. & Pine, J. (2001). Chunking mechanisms in human
learning. TRENDS in Cognitive Sciences, 5(6), 236-243.
11 Dolan, P., Hallsworth, M., Halpern, D., King, D., & Vlaev, I. (2010). “MINDSPACE: Inuencing behaviour through public
policy” Institute for Government and Cabinet Ofce
12 Irish Revenue (2013). “Survey of Small and Medium Sized Business Customers” http://www.revenue.ie/en/about/
publications/business-survey-2013.pdf
13 Mehta, R., & Zhu, R. J. (2009). Blue or red? Exploring the effect of color on cognitive task performances. Science,
323(5918), 1226-1229.
14 Behavioural Insights Team (2012). “Applying Behavioural Insights to Reduce Fraud, Debt and Error” Cabinet Ofce
15 See, for example, Modernising Government Secretariat (1999). “Modernising Government”; Cabinet Ofce (2008)
“Excellence and Fairness: Achieving World Class Public Services”; “Modern Public Service”, speech by David Cameron
17 January 2011 at: https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/prime-ministers-speech-on-modern-public-service
16 Some argue that this happens within the rst year of life. See Newman, R.S. (2005). The cocktail party effect
in infants revisited: Listening to one’s name in noise. Developmental Psychology, 41(2), 352–362.
17 Behavioural Insights Team (2013). “Applying Behavioural Insights to Charitable Giving” Cabinet Ofce
18 Bryan, C. J., Walton, G. M., Rogers, T., & Dweck, C. S. (2011). Motivating voter turnout by invoking the self.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(31), 12653-12656.